Testlar: pytest bilan boshlash

6-bob 17 kod bloki 1850 so'z

Nega test yozish kerak

Eng keng tarqalgan javob — "xatolarni topish uchun". Bu to'g'ri, lekin asosiysi emas.

Asosiysi: testsiz kodni o'zgartirib bo'lmaydi. Ishlayotgan 500 qatorli faylga tegishdan qo'rqasiz, chunki nima buzilishini bilmaysiz. Testlar bu qo'rquvni yo'q qiladi — o'zgartirasiz, ishga tushirasiz, javobni ko'rasiz.

Hozirgacha kodni qo'lda tekshirdik: print qo'ydik, chiqishga qaradik. Muammo shundaki, bu takrorlanmaydi. Ertaga yana qarash kerak, va o'tgan safar nima to'g'ri bo'lganini eslash kerak.

Dev bog'liqliklarni o'rnatamiz

2-bobda pyproject.toml ga dev guruhini yozgandik. Endi u kerak bo'ldi:

matn2 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pip install --quiet -e ".[dev]"
.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest --version

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 26414 ms)

pytest 9.1.1

Birinchi test

pytest qoidalari sodda: fayl nomi test_*.py, funksiya nomi test_*, tekshiruv — oddiy assert.

shu faylni yaratingtests/test_tekshiruv.py

python9 qator

from hisobot.tekshiruv import bahoni_tekshir


def test_oddiy_baho():
    assert bahoni_tekshir("85") == 85


def test_bosh_joylar_bilan():
    assert bahoni_tekshir(" 90 ") == 90

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ -v

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 2505 ms)

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.10.12, pytest-9.1.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish/.venv/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: cov-7.1.0
collecting ... collected 2 items

tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_oddiy_baho PASSED                          [ 50%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_joylar_bilan PASSED                   [100%]

============================== 2 passed in 0.22s ===============================

Ikkala test ham o'tdi. int(" 90 ") bo'sh joylarni o'zi tashlab yuboradi — buni bilmagan bo'lsak, test buni hujjatlashtirib qo'ydi.

Xato holatini sinash

Muhimi shundaki, kod to'g'ri ishlashi yetarli emas — u to'g'ri yiqilishi ham kerak.

shu faylni yaratingtests/test_tekshiruv.py

python36 qator

import pytest

from hisobot.tekshiruv import bahoni_tekshir


def test_oddiy_baho():
    assert bahoni_tekshir("85") == 85


def test_bosh_joylar_bilan():
    assert bahoni_tekshir(" 90 ") == 90


def test_son_emas():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="son emas"):
        bahoni_tekshir("abc")


def test_bosh_qiymat():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        bahoni_tekshir("")


def test_yoq_qiymat():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ko'rsatilmagan"):
        bahoni_tekshir(None)


def test_chegaradan_yuqori():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="oralig'ida"):
        bahoni_tekshir("150")


def test_manfiy():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="oralig'ida"):
        bahoni_tekshir("-5")

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ -v

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 1221 ms)

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.10.12, pytest-9.1.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish/.venv/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: cov-7.1.0
collecting ... collected 7 items

tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_oddiy_baho PASSED                          [ 14%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_joylar_bilan PASSED                   [ 28%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_son_emas PASSED                            [ 42%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_qiymat PASSED                         [ 57%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_yoq_qiymat PASSED                          [ 71%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_chegaradan_yuqori PASSED                   [ 85%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_manfiy PASSED                              [100%]

============================== 7 passed in 0.08s ===============================

pytest.raises ikki narsani tekshiradi: xato turi va xabarining mazmuni (match — bu regulyar ifoda). Ikkinchisi muhim, chunki ValueError har xil sababdan chiqishi mumkin, siz esa aniq qaysinisini kutayotganingizni ayta olasiz.

Test yiqilganda nima ko'rasiz

pytest ning eng kuchli tomoni — xato xabari. Ataylab noto'g'ri test yozamiz:

shu faylni yaratingnamuna/test_yiqiladi.py

python11 qator

from hisobot.tekshiruv import bahoni_tekshir


def test_ataylab_notogri():
    assert bahoni_tekshir("85") == 58


def test_royxat_solishtirish():
    kutilgan = ["Aziz", "Bobur", "Dilnoza"]
    olingan = ["Aziz", "Bobur", "Elyor"]
    assert olingan == kutilgan

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest namuna/test_yiqiladi.py

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 1, 4446 ms)

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.10.12, pytest-9.1.1, pluggy-1.6.0
rootdir: /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: cov-7.1.0
collected 2 items

namuna/test_yiqiladi.py FF                                               [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
_____________________________ test_ataylab_notogri _____________________________

    def test_ataylab_notogri():
>       assert bahoni_tekshir("85") == 58
E       AssertionError: assert 85 == 58
E        +  where 85 = bahoni_tekshir('85')

namuna/test_yiqiladi.py:5: AssertionError
___________________________ test_royxat_solishtirish ___________________________

    def test_royxat_solishtirish():
        kutilgan = ["Aziz", "Bobur", "Dilnoza"]
        olingan = ["Aziz", "Bobur", "Elyor"]
>       assert olingan == kutilgan
E       AssertionError: assert ['Aziz', 'Bobur', 'Elyor'] == ['Aziz', 'Bobur', 'Dilnoza']
E         
E         At index 2 diff: 'Elyor' != 'Dilnoza'
E         Use -v to get more diff

namuna/test_yiqiladi.py:11: AssertionError
=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED namuna/test_yiqiladi.py::test_ataylab_notogri - AssertionError: assert...
FAILED namuna/test_yiqiladi.py::test_royxat_solishtirish - AssertionError: as...
============================== 2 failed in 0.99s ===============================

Diqqat qiling: pytest qiymatlarni ko'rsatdi — 85 == 58 emasligini va ro'yxatlarning qaysi indeksda farq qilishini (At index 2 diff). Bu oddiy assert bilan bo'lmaydi; pytest testni qayta yozib, qiymatlarni chiqaradi.

Shuning uchun assert x == y yozish kifoya — assertEqual kabi maxsus funksiyalar kerak emas.

Bu faylni tests/ ichiga qo'ymadik, namuna/ ga qo'ydik — u ataylab yiqiladi va doimiy to'plamga kirmasligi kerak. pyproject.toml dagi testpaths = ["tests"] uni o'zi ham yig'maydi.

matn1 qator

ls tests/ namuna/

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 5 ms)

namuna/:
__pycache__
test_yiqiladi.py

tests/:
__pycache__
test_tekshiruv.py

TDD: avval test, keyin kod

Endi yangi talab keldi: sana formati tekshirilsin (YYYY-MM-DD). TDD tartibi — avval test.

1-qadam: RED. Test yozamiz, u yiqilishi kerak:

shu faylni yaratingtests/test_sana.py

python22 qator

import pytest

from hisobot.tekshiruv import sanani_tekshir


def test_togri_sana():
    assert sanani_tekshir("2026-09-01") == "2026-09-01"


def test_notogri_format():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="format"):
        sanani_tekshir("01.09.2026")


def test_mavjud_bolmagan_sana():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        sanani_tekshir("2026-02-30")


def test_bosh():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        sanani_tekshir("")

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/test_sana.py

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 2, 4556 ms)

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.10.12, pytest-9.1.1, pluggy-1.6.0
rootdir: /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: cov-7.1.0
collected 0 items / 1 error

==================================== ERRORS ====================================
_____________________ ERROR collecting tests/test_sana.py ______________________
ImportError while importing test module '/mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish/tests/test_sana.py'.
Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.
Traceback:
/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py:126: in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
tests/test_sana.py:3: in <module>
    from hisobot.tekshiruv import sanani_tekshir
E   ImportError: cannot import name 'sanani_tekshir' from 'hisobot.tekshiruv' (/mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish/src/hisobot/tekshiruv.py)
=========================== short test summary info ============================
ERROR tests/test_sana.py
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
=============================== 1 error in 2.00s ===============================

Qaytish kodi 2 — ImportError, chunki sanani_tekshir hali yo'q. Bu kutilgan: RED.

2-qadam: GREEN. Eng oddiy ishlaydigan kodni yozamiz:

shu faylni yaratingsrc/hisobot/tekshiruv.py

python28 qator

"""Qoidalar: qator to'g'rimi yoki yo'q."""
from datetime import date

ENG_KATTA_BAHO = 100


def bahoni_tekshir(xom: str | None) -> int:
    """Matnni bahoga aylantiradi. Xato bo'lsa sabab bilan ValueError."""
    if xom is None:
        raise ValueError("baho ko'rsatilmagan")
    try:
        baho = int(xom)
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        raise ValueError(f"baho son emas: {xom!r}") from None
    if not 0 <= baho <= ENG_KATTA_BAHO:
        raise ValueError(f"baho 0..{ENG_KATTA_BAHO} oralig'ida bo'lishi kerak, berilgan: {baho}")
    return baho


def sanani_tekshir(xom: str | None) -> str:
    """YYYY-MM-DD formatini tekshiradi va o'sha matnni qaytaradi."""
    if not xom:
        raise ValueError("sana ko'rsatilmagan")
    try:
        date.fromisoformat(xom.strip())
    except ValueError:
        raise ValueError(f"sana formati noto'g'ri (YYYY-MM-DD kutilgan): {xom!r}") from None
    return xom.strip()

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ -v

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 2201 ms)

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.10.12, pytest-9.1.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish/.venv/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /mnt/c/Users/Admin/Desktop/Course Material/Python_Muhandisligi/ish
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: cov-7.1.0
collecting ... collected 11 items

tests/test_sana.py::test_togri_sana PASSED                               [  9%]
tests/test_sana.py::test_notogri_format PASSED                           [ 18%]
tests/test_sana.py::test_mavjud_bolmagan_sana PASSED                     [ 27%]
tests/test_sana.py::test_bosh PASSED                                     [ 36%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_oddiy_baho PASSED                          [ 45%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_joylar_bilan PASSED                   [ 54%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_son_emas PASSED                            [ 63%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_qiymat PASSED                         [ 72%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_yoq_qiymat PASSED                          [ 81%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_chegaradan_yuqori PASSED                   [ 90%]
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_manfiy PASSED                              [100%]

============================== 11 passed in 0.10s ==============================

GREEN — hammasi o'tdi. date.fromisoformat formatni ham, sananing mavjudligini ham tekshiradi, shuning uchun 2026-02-30 rad etildi.

Diqqat: biz o'zimiz sana tahlilchisi yozmadik. TDD ning foydasi shu — test "nima kerakligini" belgilaydi, "qanday qilish" esa erkin qoladi va odatda standart kutubxonada tayyor javob bor.

Testlar qayerda turadi

matn2 qator

find . -name "test_*.py" -not -path "./.venv/*" | sort
cat tests/__init__.py 2>/dev/null || echo "(tests/__init__.py yo'q — bu to'g'ri)"

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 518 ms)

./namuna/test_yiqiladi.py
./tests/test_sana.py
./tests/test_tekshiruv.py
(tests/__init__.py yo'q — bu to'g'ri)

tests/ papkasida __init__.py bo'lmasligi kerak — aks holda u paketga aylanadi va pytest ning import mexanizmi chalkashadi.

Testlar src/ ichida emas, chunki ular paketga kirmaydi: foydalanuvchi pip install hisobot qilganda testlar unga kerak emas.

Test nomlari — hujjat

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ --collect-only -q

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 2288 ms)

tests/test_sana.py::test_togri_sana
tests/test_sana.py::test_notogri_format
tests/test_sana.py::test_mavjud_bolmagan_sana
tests/test_sana.py::test_bosh
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_oddiy_baho
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_joylar_bilan
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_son_emas
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_bosh_qiymat
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_yoq_qiymat
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_chegaradan_yuqori
tests/test_tekshiruv.py::test_manfiy

11 tests collected in 0.06s

Test nomlari ro'yxati — bu kodning xulq-atvori haqidagi hujjat. "Nima qiladi?" degan savolga shu ro'yxat javob beradi.

Shuning uchun test_1, test_2 deb nomlamang. Nom sharoit va kutilgan natijani aytsin: test_chegaradan_yuqori, test_bosh_qiymat.

Foydali bayroqlar

python3 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ -q
.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ -q -k "sana"
.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest tests/ -q --tb=no

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 6371 ms)

...........                                                              [100%]
11 passed in 0.17s
....                                                                     [100%]
4 passed, 7 deselected in 0.07s
...........                                                              [100%]
11 passed in 0.12s

Bayroq	Nima qiladi
`-v`	Har test nomini ko'rsatadi
`-q`	Qisqa chiqish
`-k "matn"`	Nomida shu matn bor testlarni ishga tushiradi
`-x`	Birinchi yiqilishda to'xtaydi
`--tb=short` / `--tb=no`	Xato izini qisqartiradi yoki yashiradi
`--lf`	Faqat o'tgan safar yiqilganlarni qayta ishga tushiradi

--lf (last failed) ishlab chiqishda eng foydalisi: tuzatasiz, faqat yiqilganlarni qayta chopasiz.

pytest ni sozlash

Har safar tests/ yozmaslik uchun sozlamani pyproject.toml ga qo'shamiz:

shu faylni yaratingpyproject.toml

python22 qator

[project]
name = "hisobot"
version = "0.6.0"
description = "CSV ma'lumotini tekshirib hisobot chiqaradigan asbob"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
dependencies = []

[project.optional-dependencies]
dev = [
    "pytest>=8",
    "pytest-cov>=5",
    "mypy>=1.8",
    "ruff>=0.5",
]

[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools>=68"]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
addopts = "-q --strict-markers"

matn1 qator

.venv/bin/python3 -m pytest

Chiqish (qaytish kodi 0, 2206 ms)

...........                                                              [100%]
11 passed in 0.08s

Endi pytest yetarli — u tests/ ni o'zi topadi.

--strict-markers nima uchun: @pytest.mark.slow kabi belgini noto'g'ri yozsangiz (@pytest.mark.slwo), pytest uni jim e'tiborsiz qoldiradi. Bu bayroq bilan u xato beradi.

:::tip Test ham kod Testlar ham o'qiladi va saqlanadi. Ularga ham toza nom, qisqa tuzilish va takrorlanmaslik kerak. Lekin bitta farq bor: testda aql-idrok (shart, sikl, hisob) qancha kam bo'lsa shuncha yaxshi. Testda mantiq bo'lsa, o'sha mantiqning o'zini kim tekshiradi? :::

Xulosa

Tushuncha	Asosiy fikr
Testning maqsadi	Xato topish emas, o'zgartirishga imkon berish
Nomlash	`test_.py`, `test_` funksiya; nom sharoitni aytsin
`assert`	Oddiy `assert` yetarli — pytest qiymatlarni o'zi ko'rsatadi
`pytest.raises`	Xato turi va xabar mazmuni tekshiriladi
RED → GREEN	Avval yiqiladigan test, keyin uni o'tkazadigan eng oddiy kod
`tests/`	`src/` dan tashqarida; `__init__.py` qo'ymang
`--lf`	Faqat yiqilganlarni qayta ishga tushiradi
`addopts`	Sozlamani `pyproject.toml` ga yozing

Talaba ishi

bahoni_tekshir("85.5") nima qiladi? Test yozing va natijaga qarab qaror qiling: bu xato bo'lishi kerakmi yoki 85 ga yaxlitlanishi kerakmi?
sanani_tekshir ga kelajakdagi sana berilsa nima bo'ladi? TDD bilan "kelajak sana rad etilsin" qoidasini qo'shing.
test_bosh_qiymat da match yo'q. Unga mos match qo'shing va testni yiqitadigan qilib tekshiruv.py dagi xabarni o'zgartiring. Xato xabari qanday ko'rinadi?
pytest -x --lf ni sinab ko'ring: ataylab ikkita testni buzing, keyin bittasini tuzating. Qaysi testlar qayta ishga tushdi?

oldingi5. Turlar va mypy: xatoni ishga tushirmasdan topish keyingi7. Fixture, parametrize va qamrov

Bu bobni bepul o'qidingiz.

Kitob o'rgatadi, lekin sizning kodingiz nega ishlamaganini ayta olmaydi. Kursda uy vazifangiz tekshiriladi.

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